
Photo: Anna Graves
A French philosopher once admonished his American colleague by saying, “Well yes, it works in practice, but will it work in theory?”
Nonviolence is a beautiful theory, critics have gibed forever, but it doesn’t work in the real world.
Now, like the consternation expressed by our unworldly French philosopher, there is a grudging recognition that it is violence which fails in practice while nonviolence is increasingly working in the real world – and that its effectiveness is rooted in a set of theories (about the power of cooperation, creativity, compassion, and connection) that trump the theories of violence based on the power of threat and domination.
The Progressive Magazine reports on a study by researchers Maria Stephan and Erica Chenoweth, who analyzed 323 resistance campaigns from 1900 to 2006 demonstrating the overwhelming success of major nonviolent campaigns versus violent ones. Click here to see The Progressive article. Or click here to get a PDF of the study.
We live in an era when, despite its enormous violence, a deep historical shift is taking place in favor of the cooperative power of active, transformative, and effective nonviolence. This shift, which has been gathering momentum for the past three hundred years, accelerated during the 20th century with the application of spiritually-grounded nonviolence by Mohandas Gandhi to win India’s independence from Britain; with the spirited use of disciplined nonviolence by the US Civil Rights movement to make epochal change in the United States; and with countless nonviolent struggles for human rights, political change and environmental protection. People in innumerable contexts have used nonviolence to work for the survival and dignity of all. Over the past two decades, this disciplined and grounded nonviolent people power has:
What these and many other movements underscore is that active nonviolence is neither passive nor ineffective. Rather, active nonviolence is a form of effective and deeply rooted power at the disposal of people and societies. Energetic and courageous, this power creates peace, justice and meaning without maintaining and escalating the spiral of retaliatory violence.
Increasingly, theory and practice are meeting. Does this mean we have no work to do? On the contrary, our job is to put this theory – this vision, this set of principles – into practice in addressing the violence and injustice we see around us. But this data and these actions are beautifully illuminating how Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s theory – that, while the moral arc of the universe is long, it bends toward justice – is being revealed daily.